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Longevity 101
N

What is NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)?

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a molecule found in every cell that is involved in energy metabolism and DNA repair. NAD+ levels decline with age, which is why it is studied in aging research. NAD+ products have no FDA-approved use, and human studies have not shown that raising NAD+ slows or reverses aging.

Inside cells, NAD+ helps convert nutrients into energy in the mitochondria and supports enzymes involved in DNA repair. Researchers have linked lower NAD+ levels with aging in laboratory and animal studies, and are investigating whether restoring NAD+ affects health in people.

Precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) are sold as supplements, and NAD+ injections and nasal sprays are compounded. Compounded drugs are not FDA-approved and are not reviewed by the FDA for safety or effectiveness. A licensed provider can explain the current evidence and risks.

Related terms

Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by decreased energy production and increased oxidative stress, is a hallmark of aging. Improving mitochondrial health through dietary supplements, exercise, and medications like coenzyme Q10, is under study for its potential to delay aging and prevent chronic diseases associated with aging.

Full explanation
Resveratrol

Resveratrol, found in grapes and red wine, has been noted for its potential to activate sirtuins, proteins involved in longevity and metabolic regulation. By mimicking the effects of calorie restriction and protecting against metabolic diseases, resveratrol is investigated for its role in promoting a longer, healthier life.

Full explanation
Rejuvenation

Rejuvenation is a broad term for approaches that aim to restore function or appearance affected by aging, from cosmetic procedures to laboratory research. No medication is FDA-approved to reverse aging, and most rejuvenation research is still at the laboratory or animal stage.

Full explanation